Why African Marriages Struggle With Intimacy
There is a statement I make quite often in my work: “I do not think marriage, as we currently understand and practise it, was designed for Africans”. I know how provocative that sounds and I also know that someone will immediately hear it as an attack on African culture, African families or African people, but that is not the intention because I am a proud African woman myself, but there is an uncomfortable arguement i will like to unravel in this article. I think Africans have taken an institution that requires emotional vulnerability, psychological intimacy, sexual openness, honest communication, individual autonomy, mutuality and trust, and attempted to fit it into cultures that often socialise people in almost the opposite direction. Unfortunately, insteda of undertanding this underlining psychological issue, we blame the individuals when the marriage fails. I have spent close to two decades working with individuals and couples. I have listened to husbands and wives in counselling rooms, answered questions from thousands of people online, received private messages from people who could not say certain things to their spouses but somehow found the courage to say them to a stranger on the internet. I have listened to people on radio, spoken about relationships on television, watched patterns repeat across generations, and interestingly, the more i practice, th emore the pattern become more noticeable. Many of our marital problems are not simply marital problems, they are cultural problems entering a marriage. They are childhood problems entering adulthood, gender socialisation entering intimacy, religious beliefs entering the bedroom, family expectations entering the couple’s private space, and unresolved wounds wearing wedding clothes. Marriage requires things we were not necessarily raised to practise Think about what a psychologically healthy marriage actually requires. Vulnerability, honesty, emotional expression and sexual communication. It requires the ability to say, this hurts me, I am afraid, I don’t like this, I need more from you, I am not enjoying our sex life, I am struggling, I was wrong, I need help, or I don’t know what to do…. It requires two people who can look at each other and say: “Here is who I really am. Can you still love me?”. Unfortunately if you were raised in Africa, sttaements like this might be too heavy for you because African children are socialised differently. A boy learns very early that weakness is dangerous. Don’t cry, be a man, men don’t cry, don’t let anybody see you weak, you must be strong, you are the man of the house, you must provide or you must be in control. Research on masculine norms across Africa has similarly identified restrictive emotionality, self-reliance and the suppression of vulnerability as important features of some dominant constructions of masculinity. Then this boy grows up, he becomes somebody’s husband, and his wife asks him to tell her how he feels, he was never trained for that level of expression. She says I need you to be emotionally present, he hears criticism. She says I don’t enjoy the way we have sex, he hears, you are not a real man. And suddenly, what looks like a communication problem is actually a developmental problem, because he was never taught the emotional language marriage requires. We teach men to be invulnerable and then expect intimacy from them This is one of the great contradictions of African masculinity. We want men to be emotionally strong, but we also want them to be emotionally available. We want them to lead, but we also want them to listen. We want them to be confident, but we also want them to admit when they are afraid. We want them to provide, but we also want them to disclose when they are financially overwhelmed. We want them to be sexually confident, but we do not teach them how to receive sexual feedback without experiencing it as humiliation. Imagine a man who has been taught that his sexual performance is evidence of his masculinity hearing his wife says she want the sex differently, that should ordinarily be a normal conversation among couples, but for a psychologically unprepared man, it can feel like an attack on his identity. And once sex becomes a test of masculinity, honest sexual communication becomes almost impossible. A Nigerian study of married Ogu couples found that sexual negotiation was strongly connected with communication, and that frequent spousal communication was associated with greater gender equity in sexual negotiation. More recently, research among married millennial couples in Enugu found that cultural inhibition around explicit sexual discussion coexisted with secrecy, poorer sexual communication and marital conflict. In other words, we are asking people to have intimate marriages without teaching them how to have intimate conversations. And then there is the woman This is not only a male problem, African women are socialised too. Many girls learn that being a “good woman” means enduring. Don’t talk too much, don’t ask too many questions, don’t challenge your husband, don’t expose family problems, don’t talk about sex, don’t admit that you are dissatisfied, don’t tell people what happens in your marriage, and, perhaps most dangerously:Don’t leave. So a woman may enter marriage without ever learning that she is allowed to have preferences. She may know how to perform the role of wife without knowing how to communicate as an equal partner, know how to cook, clean, care for children and accommodate a husband, but does she know how to negotiate? Does she know how to set boundaries, say no, ask for pleasure or simply say, “I am lonely inside this marriage”? Does she know that sexual dissatisfaction is information, not evidence of promiscuity? We have sexualised ignorance and moralised knowledge There is something particularly strange about our relationship with sex as Africans. We expect people to marry as virgins, or at least to appear sexually inexperienced, we discourage sexual conversations, sexual education and make sexual pleasure difficult to discuss. Yet, immediately after the wedding ceremony, we expect two people who may have almost never spoken honestly about sex to suddenly
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